BLOOD TESTS: DIAGNOSIS ASSISTANCE

Helps Determine Health Problems

BLOOD TESTS: DIAGNOSIS ASSISTANCE

{This info comes from A.I. “Copilot”.}

Complete Blood Count (CBC):

RBC (Red Blood Cells): Normal: 4.5-5.5 million/μL (men) or 4.0-5.0 million/μL (women).
___High RBC: Polycythemia, which may lead to thickened blood and increased risk of clotting.
___Low RBC: Anemia, resulting in fatigue, weakness, and reduced oxygen transport.
WBC (White Blood Cells): Normal: 4,500-11,000/μL.
___High WBC: Infection, inflammation, or leukemia.
___Low WBC: Reduced immunity and vulnerability to infections.
NEU (Neutrophils): Normal: 40% to 60% of total WBCs. --- Fight bacterial infections.
___High Neutrophils: May suggest bacterial infection, inflammation, or stress.
___Low Neutrophils: Could indicate viral infections, bone marrow issues, or autoimmune diseases.
LYM (Lymphocytes): Normal: 20% to 40%. --- Consist of T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. Protect against viral infections and produce antibodies.
___High Lymphocytes: Seen in viral infections, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, or autoimmune disorders.
___Low Lymphocytes: Associated with immunodeficiency or bone marrow disorders.
MONO (Monocytes): Normal: 2% to 8%. --- Engage in phagocytosis (ingesting foreign particles).
___High Monocytes: May indicate chronic infections, autoimmune diseases, or certain cancers.
___Low Monocytes: Rarely significant; consult a doctor for context.
EOS (Eosinophils): Normal: 1% to 4%. --- Combat parasites, cancer cells, and assist in allergic responses.
___High Eosinophils: Allergic reactions, parasitic infections, or autoimmune conditions.
___Low Eosinophils: Usually not concerning.
BASO (Basophils): Normal: 0.5% to 1%. --- Produce allergic responses (e.g., sneezing, runny nose).
___High Basophils: Rarely significant; seen in allergic reactions or chronic myeloid leukemia.
___Low Basophils: Typically not a concern.
BAND (Band Cells): Normal: 0% to 3%. --- Indicate an ongoing infection or inflammation.
___High Band Cells: Indicates an acute infection or inflammation.
___Low Band Cells: Usually not clinically relevant.
Hb (Hemoglobin): Normal: 13.5-17.5 g/dL (men) or 12.0-15.5 g/dL (women).
___Low Hb: Anemia (iron deficiency, blood loss, or other causes).
___High Hb: Polycythemia (increased red blood cell count).
Plt (Platelets): Normal: 150,000-450,000/μL.
___Low Plt: Increased bleeding risk (thrombocytopenia).
___High Plt: Thrombocytosis (elevated platelet count).

Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP):

Glu (Glucose): Normal: Fasting: 70-100 mg/dL.
___High Glu: Prediabetes or diabetes.
___Low Glu (rare): Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar).
Ca (Calcium): Normal: 8.5-10.5 mg/dL.
___Low Ca: Hypocalcemia (calcium deficiency).
___High Ca: Hypercalcemia (excess calcium).
Na (Sodium): Normal: 135-145 mmol/L.
___Low Na: Hyponatremia (low sodium levels), which can cause weakness, confusion, and seizures.
___High Na: Hypernatremia (high sodium levels), often due to dehydration or kidney issues.
K (Potassium): Normal: 3.5-5.0 mmol/L.
___Low K: Hypokalemia (low potassium), leading to muscle weakness, irregular heartbeat, and fatigue.
___High K: Hyperkalemia (high potassium), affecting heart function and potentially causing arrhythmias.
Cl (Chloride): Normal: 96-106 mmol/L.
___Low Cl: Hypochloremia (low chloride), associated with metabolic alkalosis or fluid loss.
___High Cl: Hyperchloremia (high chloride), often related to dehydration or kidney problems.
Cr (Creatinine): Normal: 0.6-1.3 mg/dL.
___High Cr: Elevated creatinine levels may indicate kidney dysfunction or impaired filtration.
BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen): Normal: 7-20 mg/dL.
___High BUN: Elevated BUN levels can signal kidney issues or dehydration.
CO₂ (Carbon Dioxide): Normal: 22-30 mmol/L.
___Low CO₂: Metabolic acidosis or respiratory alkalosis.
___High CO₂: Respiratory acidosis or metabolic alkalosis.

Lipid Panel:

TC (Total Cholesterol): Normal: Below 200 mg/dL.
___High Total Cholesterol (TC): Increased risk of heart disease and atherosclerosis.
HDL-C (HDL Cholesterol): Normal: Above 40 mg/dL (men) or 50 mg/dL (women).
___Low HDL Cholesterol (HDL-C): Higher heart disease risk.
LDL-C (LDL Cholesterol): Normal: Below 100 mg/dL.
___High LDL Cholesterol (LDL-C): Elevated heart disease risk.
TG (Triglycerides): Normal: Below 150 mg/dL.
___High Triglycerides (TG): Associated with heart disease and pancreatitis.

Liver Function Tests:

ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase): Normal: Up to 40 U/L.
AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase): Usually up to 40 U/L.
___High ALT or AST: Liver damage or disease.
ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase): Varies by age and gender (typically 30-120 U/L).
___High ALP: Liver or bone issues.
TSB (Total Serum Bilirubin):
Total Bilirubin: Normal: 0.3-1.0 mg/dL.
Direct Bilirubin: Normal: 0.1-0.3 mg/dL.
Indirect Bilirubin: Normal: 0.2-0.8 mg/dL.
___High Bilirubin (Total, Direct, Indirect): Liver dysfunction.

Thyroid Function Tests:

TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone): Normal: 0.4-4.0 μIU/mL.
___High TSH: Hypothyroidism (low thyroid function).
___Low TSH: Hyperthyroidism (excess thyroid function).
T3 (Triiodothyronine): Normal: 80-200 ng/dL.
T4 (Thyroxine): Normal: 4.5-12.0 μg/dL.
___High T3 or T4: Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid), which can lead to symptoms like restlessness, sleep problems, and digestive upset.
___Low T3 or T4: Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid), resulting in fatigue, weakness, and reduced metabolic rate.

Blood Glucose:

FBS (Fasting Blood Sugar): Normal: Below 100 mg/dL.
___High Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS): Prediabetes or diabetes.
___Low FBS (rare): Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar).
A1C Test: Normal: Below 5.7%.
___High A1C: Indicates poor blood sugar control (diabetes risk).